This Piping and instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) illustrates an automated hydroponics system that integrates sensor-driven control, SCADA-based monitoring, and automated actuation to regulate lighting, temperature, humidity, and water distribution.

 

☁ SCADA (Arduino Cloud) – Remote Monitoring & Control

The SCADA system (Arduino Cloud) provides real-time monitoring and control over the hydroponics unit. It communicates with various controllers via MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport).

• All controllers can receive setpoints from SCADA, but not all require it to function.

• Some systems can operate automatically based on sensor feedback, even if SCADA is unavailable.

• The dotted MQTT lines indicate cloud-to-device communication, ensuring seamless integration.

✅ This setup allows for both autonomous operation and remote adjustments when needed.

 

📟 Controllers – Automated Decision Making

Several control units process sensor data and regulate actuators to maintain stable conditions.

• LSC-03 (Lighting Setpoint Controller) receives time-based setpoints from SCADA, determining when lighting should be ON or OFF.

• TC-02 (Temperature Controller) manages temperature regulation, using data from TT-02 (Temperature Sensor).

• TC-02 also controls MC-02 (Fan Controller), activating FAN-02 for cooling when needed.

• SMC-04 (Soil Moisture Controller) controls water supply based on SMT-04 (Soil Moisture Transmitter).

• LC-01 (Level Controller) maintains water levels in the hydroponic chamber, responding to LT-01 (Level Transmitter) readings.

• HC-05 (Humidity Controller) monitors HT-02 (Humidity Sensor) and regulates FAN-02 for humidity control.

✅ These controllers ensure real-time, autonomous decision-making, adjusting the system without human intervention.

 

💡 Lighting System – Day/Night Cycle Automation

The lighting system (LST-03) provides controlled artificial illumination for the hydroponic plants.

• LSC-03 sends a signal to RL-03 (Lighting Relay), activating or deactivating the LST-03 light source.

• The relay acts as a switch, ensuring precise control over the greenhouse’s artificial daylight cycle.

✅ This setup ensures optimal lighting for plant growth, synchronized with SCADA scheduling.

 

🌡️ Temperature & Humidity Control – Environmental Stability

The system maintains ideal climate conditions using heating, cooling, and airflow control.

• TT-02 (Temperature Sensor) measures air temperature, providing data to TC-02.

• HT-02 (Humidity Sensor) measures moisture levels in the air, sending data to HC-05.

• MC-05 (Motor Controller for Heater) receives signals from TC-02, adjusting HTR-05 (Heater) output when heating is required.

• MC-02 (Motor Controller for Fan) controls FAN-02, which provides cooling when temperatures rise.

• TC-02 directly controls both MC-05 (Heater) and MC-02 (Fan), managing temperature dynamically.

• HC-05 (Humidity Controller) can also activate MC-02 (Fan) to reduce humidity when necessary.

✅ This closed-loop system dynamically adjusts temperature and airflow, ensuring plant growth remains optimal.

 

💦 Water Distribution – Hydroponic & Chamber Water Management

Water supply is carefully managed through pumps, sensors, and controllers to maintain the hydroponic system.

• SMT-04 (Soil Moisture Transmitter) detects soil dryness, triggering SMC-04 to activate MC-04 (Pump Controller).

• P-04 (Hydroponic Pump) then moves water to the hydroponic unit, ensuring plants receive consistent hydration.

• LT-01 (Level Transmitter) continuously monitors water levels in the hydroponic chamber.

• LC-01 (Level Controller) uses LT-01 data to adjust MC-01, which controls P-01 (Hydroponic Chamber Pump), ensuring proper water levels.

• P-01 moves water from the Hydroponic chamber to maintain optimal supply levels across the system.

✅ This system ensures water is available where needed, minimizing waste and preventing overwatering.

 

⚙️ Summary & Key Functions

✔ SCADA provides remote monitoring & control, sending setpoints via MQTT.
✔ Controllers (LSC-03, TC-02, SMC-04, LC-01, HC-05) automate lighting, temperature, humidity, and water distribution.
✔ TC-02 controls both heating (HTR-05) and cooling (FAN-02), ensuring temperature stability.
✔ Motor controllers (MC-05, MC-02, MC-04, MC-01) regulate heater, fan, and pumps efficiently.
✔ Sensors (TT-02, HT-02, SMT-04, LT-01) provide real-time feedback for automated adjustments.
✔ A relay-based lighting system (RL-03) follows scheduled day/night cycles.
✔ Hydroponic and chamber water levels are maintained dynamically through controlled pumping.

This automated hydroponics unit ensures optimal plant growth while minimizing human intervention, making it an energy-efficient and self-regulating agricultural solution. 🚀